The 'Back' Synagogue is right in the middle of the former Jewish Ghetto. It is located at the foot of a rocky bluff in the setting of a regular city neighborhood. Despite most written records dating its foundation at 1737, it seems right to assume that the basic structure of the synagogue was built in late-Renaissance.

According to construction designs from 1837 a new part of women's tabernacle was added to the northern side of the synagogue at a raised level adjoining the rocky bluff. Shortly after the World War I the synagogue ceased to serve religious purposes, being utilized as a storehouse instead, since 1926 by the I.H.Subak and Sons Company and after the war by the Zelenina Třebíč Company. Between 1987 and 1988 the architect Harald Čadílek devised a renovation scheme of the synagogue, revising it between 1991 and 1992. In the revised version of the scheme Harald Čadílek showed greater respect for surviving artifacts of historical interest, most notably the unique wall paintings. The renovation was finished in 1996 with a ceremonial opening. The Back Synagogue is a one-story building with a rectangular ground plan and a ridge roof. Its southeastern corner rests on a sturdy pillar. In its southwestern side the entrance to the synagogue takes the shape a stone portal with relief decoration. The porch with groin vaulting is connected to the main nave through three vaulted archways. The main nave has barrel vaulting with Baroque stucco decoration, its walls carry texts in Hebrew as well as ornamental and flower motifs. The nave is lit through five tall lattice windows with semicircular apexes. Women's gallery has barrel vaulting with lunettes. The gallery opens out into the main nave through three archways. Women could enter their tabernacle using a staircase located between the western wall and the adjoining building. When the synagogue stopped to be used for religious purposes, i.e. at the end of the World War I at the latest, this staircase was incorporated into the adjoining house and the gallery was made accessible by means of a wooden staircase placed inside the synagogue. Nowadays the synagogue is used as a multipurpose building, most notably for exhibitions, chamber concerts, various gatherings and symposiums.